Muscatine

This is really an awesome sight to watch if you've never had the chance .  Very fascinating. Tomb of the Unknowns at Arlington National Cemetery

1.  How many steps does the guard take during his walk across the  
tomb  of the Unknowns and why?  
  
         21 steps. It alludes to the twenty-one gun salute, which is the  
 highest honor given any military or foreign  dignitary.

2. How long does he hesitate after his about face to begin his
return walk and why?
  

He does not execute an about face. He stops on the 21st step, then turns and faces the Tomb for 21 seconds. Then he turns to face back down the mat, changes his weapon to the outside shoulder, counts 21 , then steps off for another 21 step walk down the mat. He faces the Tomb at each end of the 21 step walk for 21 seconds. The Sentinel then repeats this over and over until he is relieved at the Guard Change.        

  

3. Why are his gloves wet?
  
       His gloves are moistened

to prevent his losing his grip on the rifle.

 
4. Does he carry his rifle on the same shoulder all the time
and if not, why not?
  
        He carries the rifle on the shoulder away from the tomb.
See # 2 above.

  

5. How often are the guards changed?
  
       The Guard is changed every thirty minutes during the summer (April 1 to Sept 30)

and every hour during the winter (Oct 1 to Mar 31).

During the hours the cemetery is closed,

the guard is changed every 2 hours. 

6. What are the physical traits of the guard limited to?
  
      

Appropriately, the men who march 21 steps south, turn and march 21 steps north,                   and then repeat the process minute-by-minute for up to an hour at a time day or night,            are the very best of the Army's best.  

Whether under a blazing sun, unsheltered from driving rains, or in freezing snow,                  they perform their duty with great precision and military bearing.  

Each of them is a volunteer from the 3rd Infantry, eligible to apply for duty as a sentinel      ONLY after they have already been ceremonially qualified in The Old Guard.  

Each soldier among them is physically fit for the demanding responsibility and                 between 5'10" and 6'4" tall with a proportionate weight and build.

Acceptance in The Old Guard's Company E does not assure a volunteer that he will become one of the fewer than 550 soldiers  in the last 45 years to earn the distinctive Tomb Guard Badge.  

Before any soldier is allowed "a walk", he must memorize seven pages of history on Arlington National Cemetery and then recite it verbatim.  If a soldier finishes this phase and is granted "a walk", he enters a new phase of training known as "new-soldier training".  In addition to extensive training in the manual of arms, the guard change ceremony, and the intricacies of military ritual, the new-soldier is required to memorize additional information on Arlington, including the grave locations of nearly 300 veterans, among the notables are:

President Taft, Joe E. Lewis (the boxer) and Medal of Honor winner Audie Murphy, of Hollywood fame (and the most decorated soldier of WWII).

It may take months for a soldier to earn the right to TEST to wear the coveted silver Tomb Guard Identification badge, and even then, the award is temporary.  Only after the sentinel has served at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier for nine months does the award become permanent.  One of the Army's rarest emblems, it features the inverted laurel and a replica of the East face of the tomb where Greek images represent the virtues of Victory, Valor, and Peace.

The Tomb Guard Identification Badge is awarded after the Sentinel passes a series of tests. The Badge is permanently awarded after a Sentinel has served 9 months as a Sentinel at the Tomb. Less than  550 have been awarded since its creation in the late 1950's. (The only badge awarded fewer times is the Astronaut Badge.) And while the Badge can be revoked, the offense must be such that it discredits the Tomb. Revocation is at the Regimental Commander's discretion. But you can drink a beer and even swear and still keep the Badge. The Badge is a full size award, worn on the right pocket of the uniform jacket, not a lapel pin.         

The shoes are standard issue military dress shoes. They are built up so the sole and heel are equal in height. This allows the Sentinel to stand so that his back is straight and perpendicular to the ground. A side effect of this is that the Sentinel can "roll" on the outside of the build up as he walks down the mat. This allows him to move in a fluid fashion. If he does this correctly, his hat and bayonet will appear to not "bob" up and down with each step. It gives him a more formal and smooth look to his walk, rather than a "marching" appearance.   The soles have a steel tip on the toe and a "horseshoe" steel plate on the heel. This prevents wear on the sole and allows the Sentinel to move smoothly during his movements when he turns to face the Tomb and then back down the mat.   Then there is the "clicker". It is a shank of steel attached to the inside of the face of the heel build-up on each shoe. It allows the Sentinel to click his heels during certain movements. If a guard change is really hot, it is called a "smoker" because all the heel clicks fall together and sound like one click. In fact, the guard change is occasionally done in the "silent" mode (as a sign of devotion to the Unknowns"). No voice commands - every thing is done in relation to the heel clicks and on specific counts.

 There are no wrinkles, folds or lint on the uniform. Guards dress for duty in front of a full-length mirror.
         
        An average guard takes eight hours to prepare his uniform (which is solid wool--regardless of the time of year) for the next day's work. In addition to preparing the uniform, guards also complete physical training, Tomb Guard training, cut their hair before the next work day, and shave twice per day

 
 
   ETERNAL REST GRANT THEM O LORD, AND LET PERPETUAL LIGHT SHINE UPON THEM.  

   
         
 
         
God Bless and keep them. 

What is it like to guard in bad weather?

The guards at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (who call themselves "Sentinels") are completely dedicated to their duty of guarding the Tomb. Because of that dedication, the weather does not bother them. In fact, they consider it an honor to stand their watch (we call it "walking the mat"), regardless of the weather. It gets cold, it gets hot - but the Sentinels never budge. And they never allow any feeling of cold or heat to be seen by anyone.

Do they guard in a blizzard or a bad thunderstorm?

YES, BUT the accomplishment of the mission and welfare of the Soldier is never put at risk. The Tomb Guards have contingencies that are ready to be executed IF the weather conditions EVER place the Soldiers at risk of injury or death - such as lightning, high winds, etc. This ensures that Sentinels can maintain the Tomb Guard responsibilities while ensuring soldier safety. It is the responsibility of the Chain of Command from the Sergeant of the Guard to the Regimental Commander to ensure mission accomplishment and soldier welfare at all times.

It was erroneously reported that during Hurricane Isabel, the Sentinels were ordered to abandon their posts for shelter and that they refused. No such order was ever given; the military  members assigned the duty of guarding the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier were given permission to suspend the assignment. They respectfully declined the offer, "No way, Sir!"  Soaked to the skin, marching in the pelting  rain of a tropical storm, they said that guarding the Tomb was not just an assignment, it was the highest honor that can be afforded to a serviceperson. All proper precautions were taken to ensure the safety of the Sentinels while accomplishing their mission. Risk assessments are constantly conducted by the Chain of Command during changing conditions to ensure that soldier welfare is maintained during mission accomplishment.

Do they guard all night long, even when the cemetery is closed?

The Tomb is guarded 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. In fact, there has been a Sentinel on duty in front of the Tomb every minute of every day since 1937. And the Sentinel does not change the way he guards the Tomb, even at night when there is no one around. The Sentinels do this because they feel that the Unknown Soldiers who are buried in the Tomb deserve the very best they have to give.

It's an honor to be able to share this touching information. My father gave his life during the Korean War, at least I know where he's buried.  

Each time I've visited The Tomb of The Unknown Soldier it's touched my soul; I've wept for all of us whose loved one returned in a flag draped casket, and for those whose loved one was never returned to them.

It would certainly warm my heart if a link to this page reached as many as possible so that others may know. 

We can be very proud  
of our young men and women in the service no matter where they may be

http://keneva.com/TombOfTheUnknownSoldierFacts.htm